Tag Archives: language

Learning

Learning, hopefully, is something we never stop doing. Throughout my twenties, I learned several new techonologies (new to me, anyway) to aid in the job I was doing. I learned a lot about component-level electronics, I learned how to write code, I learned a lot about the composition of plastics. I learned a lot of esoteric shit that made me a better lighting guy.

You know what’s really hard to learn? Something you already know how to do.

Case in point: I am currently enrolled at the Language School of the Italian Cultural Institute of San Francisco, La Scuola di Lingua dell’Istituto Italiano di Cultura. But- you ask- don’t you speak Italian? Well, I do and I don’t. Italy as we know it today is divided into 20 regions that all have geographic and historical context.

Historically, meaning from the time of Caesar and before to the 1800s, these regions were all independent city-states, at times under the control of the roman empire, the church, the French and Spanish crown, but always demarcated, and never considered one. Some had great fame on their own, La Serenissima, or the Republic of Venice, existed for over 1000 years and sent Marco Polo to China. But these places were divided by geography, mainly mountains: the alps to the north, which trickle down into the north to divide those landlocked regions; and the appennines below- but also by culture and by language. Most of the languages in the north evolved from the language of the Senators: High Latin. Many had neighbors influence them a great deal- Valle d’Aosta and Piemonte show a great inluence of French. For example, bagna càuda- warmed oil with anchovies served with crudite- is eaten there, and the dialect shares the words with Provençal. The Venetians hung on to the letter X, greatly influenced by the Phoenicians, and Istrian- from across the Adriatic- is a romance language influenced heavily by slavic Croatian. In the south, Vulgar Latin was the model: Sicilian is one of the oldest romance languages to wander out of Vulgar Latin, spoken as far north as The Cilento, in southern Campania, to say nothing of Napolitana, Pugliese, Alto Calabrese and dozens more. In structure and cadence- not to mention accent- these languages share very little with the Standard Italian spoken today.

So what language do they speak in Italy today? Mostly, they speak an updated and standardized dialect of Tuscan, spefically one native to the city of Florence, home of Dante Alighieri, and a direct descendent of the language used in the Commedia Divina. It shares some cadence and vocabulary with Southern Italian languages, but has deep roots in the literary and political culture of central and northern Italy. So, now that we’ve covered all that, do I speak Italian, or don’t I? Well, the answer is: I do, but not terribly well. I also speak quite a bit of Sicilian, specifically the dialects of Palermo, and to a lesser extent those of Messina. What I do speak well is Sicilian heavily dialecticized by Italian and  of course Siculish, which is common among Sicilians in the diaspora. Why do I speak this language? Well, because I spoke some Italian and some Sicilian when I came to work in the diaspora, and that’s how they all talked. It wasn’t a study so much as happenstance.

Why am I telling you about this? Well, beacause learning how to do something you already ostensibly know how to do can be very frustrating. When I say a sentence in class that I have said 1000 times to native speakers, and heard them say the exact same way another 1000 times, and get corrected- it’s a drag.

Case in point:

Teacher: Joe, dove sta il mio libro? (where’s my book)
Joe: Ah, ho misu la drocu. (Oh, I put it over there)
Teacher: LO HO MESSO LÀ
Joe: That’s what I said!
Teacher: (*^#*&@_!!!!

What can you do? I’m very romantic- some would say quixotic- and I like the idea of an independent Sicilian culture, including its language. But the fact of the matter is that nearly everyone alive in Sicily speaks Italian, and if I want to travel there and see the shops and cook with people, I know more than enough Sicilian to figure out the local color- IF I speak really excellent Italian. So here I go.

Sicilian Words, the Answers and More

Sicilian – Italian – English

Ammaru – Gamberi – Shrimp

Babaluccia – Lumache – Snail

Cumoigghiu – Copertura – Cover

Droco – Laggiu – Over there

Eccu – Ecco – Here you go

Fuinu – Forno – Oven

Gridari – Gridare – To scream (not a good example)

Iddu – Lui – Him

Jelu – Gelo – Pudding or Gel

Lagnusu – Pigro** – Lazy

Manjari – Mangiare – To eat (also pistiari, but this is usually used as “to dine” or “to eat a meal”)

Niuro – Nero – Black

Ojo – Olio – Oil

Pumuruoru – Pomodoro – Tomato

Quannu – Quando – When

Racina - Uva – Grape

Scecchu – Mulo – Mule

Travagghiari (sometimes Travajari)- Lavorare – To work

Unne – Dove – Where

Vogghieri – Volere – To want

Zainu – Zaino – Backpack (another bad example, but I didn’t know the Italian word for backpack until I looked it up)

*Notice that we have “j.”* Yes, we have j. Italian doesn’t generally have j, k, w, x or y. In fact, in Italian, j is “long I”, k is the greek word (kappa), w is “double-v” (why it isn’t for us, who knows), and y is “Greek I”. J pops up in dialectical words, and modernisms like “Jugoslavia.” You occasionally see K in Northeastern dialects that are German-tinged, like in Alto-Adige, and is having a surge of popularity in the under 40 crowd, in text messages and IMs, as in “ke” (*che*- what). Likewise X, which is, of course the mathematical symbol for “times,” which in Italian is *per* (times, for, per) so you might ask *Perche-* in a text message with “xke-”

**I got the word “pigro” from [babelfish]( http://babel.altavista.com/) but I have never heard an Italian person say it. In my experience they say “non vuole fare niente” – “he doesn’t want to do anything”- in place of the word lazy. Sicilian people usually say lagnusu. As a topic for chop-busting (the national pastime) utility or industriousness is a common topic. Insults might include *innutile* (useless) or *scecchu* (a mule, or a horse that is mentally damaged, something that works hard, but not smart).

**The Language**

There are some obvious relationships that may have jumped out at you. The vowel o often becomes u. A soft g often morphs into j and becomes a /y/ sound. Clusters like li and gl will drift lazily along:

olio /OH lee oh/ to ojo /OY-yo/
tagliare /tal YAH reh/ to tagghiare /tahg-GYA-re/.

Another good example I neglected to include is a double l, which hardens into a double d:

bello /BEL-low/ to biddu /BEEHD-doo/.
capello /ka-PELL-oh/ to capiddu /gah BEEHD-doo/

There is a [glottal replacement]( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottal_replacement) before double consonants in Sicilian that I tried to emulate with the H in the preceding examples. There is a subtle [ejective consonant]( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejective_consonant) at the end. I admit, it’s a really strange accent, and the Agent said it sounded like I was speaking Russian. Funnily enough, a lot of those sounds come from Arabic.

Looking at these examples in isolation, you might be tempted to think “this is mostly an accent; this isn’t a language, it’s a dialect.” Well, it’s not. It has its own syntax and verb forms, and the conjugation rules are pretty different. We could draw the same parallels between Italian and French or Spanish words. We’ll get to all that… at some point.

Listening: Panic at the Disco “9 in the Afternoon” Live in studio.

Sicilian Words

How many can you guess? Or do you know?

Ammaru

Babaluccia

Cumoigghiu

Droco

Eccu

Fuinu

Gridari

Iddu

Jelu

Lagnusu

Manjari

Niuro

Ojo

Pumuruoru

Quannu

Racina

Scecchu

Travagghiare

Unne

Vogghieri

Zainu

*Notice that we have “j.”*

Strutto Siciliano

I know this seems completely uninteresting, but I learned a new [Sicilian](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicilian_language) word today, and it’s a good one: ***saìmi***. It means lard, which in Italian is *strutto*, or *sugna*.

Most of the Italian I’ve spoken over the years has been with Sicilian people, and sometimes we’ve spoken Sicilian, and sometimes Italian with a lot of Sicilian vocabulary, idioms and accent. I never had the occasion, however, to say lard, but now I can.